Air Pollution and Health

Air pollution is a condition in which the air quality becomes damaged and contaminated by substances that are either dangerous or harmful to human health. Air pollution usually occurs in large cities and densely populated regions that produce industrial gases that contain substances above the acceptable limit. The limited green land or trees in an area can also worsen air quality in the area. A growing number of motor vehicles and industrial tools that emit gases that pollute the environment would worsen air pollution occur anyway. It required the participation of governments, employers and communities to resolve the problems of air pollution occur.

contaminants

• Carbon monoxid
  Fumes are the main source for carbon monoxide in various urban areas. The data revealed that 60% of air pollution in the world caused by moving objects or public transportation fuel. CO formation is a function of the ratio of air and fuel needs in the combustion process in the combustion chamber of the engine. Good mixture between air and fuel mainly happens on the machines that use Turbocharge is one strategy to minimize CO emissions. Carbon monoxide is increased in many urban areas can lead to lower fetal weight and increase the number of infant deaths and brain damage. Because of the decreased levels of carbon monoxide strategy will depend on emission control catalyst materials such as pengggunaan material that converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and the use of renewable fuels that cause less pollution for motor vehicles.
• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
  NO2 is toxic, especially to the lungs. NO2 levels higher than 100 ppm can be deadly largely experimental animals and 90% of these deaths are caused by symptoms of swelling of the lungs (pulmonary edema). NO2 levels of 800 ppm would result in a 100% mortality in animals which tested within 29 minutes or less. Experiments with the use of NO2 to levels of 5 ppm for 10 minutes to humans resulting in difficulty in breathing.
• Damage to the ozone layer
  Ozone layer in the stratosphere (20-35 km altitude) is a natural protector of earth that serves to filter ultraviolet B radiation from the sun. The formation and decomposition of ozone molecules (O3) occurs naturally in the stratosphere. Emissions of CFCs reach the stratosphere is very stable and causes the rate of decomposition of ozone molecules faster than formation, thus forming the holes in the ozone layer caused ozon.Kerusakan layer of UV-B matahri not filtered and can cause skin cancer as well as diseases in plants.
• Ozon (O3)
  Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent after fluorine, oxygen and oxygen fluoride (OF2). Although in nature there is a small amount but are very useful for the ozone layer protects the earth from ultraviolet radiation (UV-B). Ozone is formed in the air at an altitude of 30 km where the sun’s UV radiation with a wavelength of 242 nm is slowly breaks down oxygen molecules (O2) into atomic oxygen, depending on the number of molecules of O2 oxygen atoms quickly form ozone. Ozone absorbs solar radiation strongly in the wavelength range 240-320 nm.

The impact of air pollution

The substance health effects of pollutants contained in the air can enter the body through the respiratory system. Away penetration of contaminants into the body depends on the type of pollutant. Large-sized particulates can be retained in the upper respiratory tract, whereas small sized particulates and gases can reach the lungs. From the lungs, pollutants are absorbed by the circulatory system health impacts of the most common is the ARI (acute respiratory infection), including, asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory disorders. Impact on plants growing in areas with high air pollution levels can be stunted and vulnerable to disease, such as chlorosis, necrosis, black spots. Particulate deposited on plant surfaces may impede the process of photosynthesis, damage the aesthetics, comfort Annoying, damaging buildings, offices, and housing. Normal pH of acid rain rain water is 5.6 due to CO2 in the atmosphere. Air pollutants such as SO2 and NO2 reacts with water to form acid rain and lowering the pH of rainwater. The impact of acid rain, among others:
* Affect surface water quality
* Damaging crops
* Dissolves the heavy metals contained in the soil thus affecting the quality of groundwater and surface water